Define malignant hyperthermia.

Malignant hyperthermia is indeed a rare, life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to certain anesthetic agents, particularly volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. In this condition, an abnormal release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle is triggered, leading to a hypermetabolic state. This results in a rapid increase in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and a cascade of metabolic disturbances. The combination of these effects can lead to complications such as cardiac arrest, muscle damage, and ultimately, organ failure if not treated promptly.

Understanding malignant hyperthermia is crucial for anesthesia providers, as early recognition and immediate intervention can significantly improve patient outcomes. It is not a common side effect of anesthesia, nor is it an allergic reaction to medications or related to increased cardiac output, which highlights the distinct and serious nature of this condition.